STENOGRAPHIC: WRITING ORAL trials stenography Dactilomecanografía, systematic shorthand - Even if the trial is essentially oral, he "blessed" gadget "very old indeed- used to transcribe everything (again) everything that happens in a trial or more oral hearing it is.
In Peru, is in transition from written to oral eminently trial, but some "enlightened official" got into his head that the oral juice NOT WRITE (big mistake), in this regard and guidance to clarify the above situations, it is timely to mention that court hearings are not only transcribed stenographer, also recorded the voices digitally and includes several video cameras to film all what is happening from different angles. So please correct their "reinvention of orality."
Keep in mind that the Peruvians are a gourmet-so-highly skilled food and drink when it comes to cooking, but when the mind is focused on social issues or matters much worse are bad copying it up.
Brief History: shorthand or stenography is any writing system that allows quick and concise transcribe a speech at the same speed at which it is spoken. This will often use short strokes, abbreviations and special characters for letters, words and even phrases.
shorthand writing usually omitted parts of the texts and a text set by a court reporter can not be readily understood by another who has not previously heard the original text. Therefore, stenographers must then write the text in writing shorthand usual.
Learning shorthand is relatively easy, but its use Quick takes practice.
shorthand History: The origins of the shorthand date back to the Greek historian Xenophon, who used this technique to transcribe the life of Socrates.
shorthand, the Greek words 'taxa' (speed, speed) and 'graphs' (writing), uses simple signs that the current script to write as fast as is spoken. Was used by the Phoenicians and Greeks and in Rome since the time of Cicero, Plutarch. In Rome it was called a "note tironianae", as used and perfected Jerk, a slave (and later freedom) of Cicero, from about 70 BC A similar approach seems to be attributed to Maecenas Flip
has subsequently been restored in the modern age. Started again in England in 1588 by Bright. Followed by France, Holland, Germany from the seventeenth century. He arrived in Italy in the eighteenth century and Spain in 1800. The real inventor of shorthand is the Valencian English Francisco Martí, in 1802. Your system is considered the most perfect known until the nineteenth century.
The term was first used by Shelton in 1641, then by Coulon of Thévenot in 1776 and finally adopted by Marti. The Englishman John Willis, inventor of the first geometric system, had called steganography in 1602.
shorthand Uses: The shorthand is commonly used in trials, in which case it makes use of stenographers and court reporters to capture in writing the spoken word. It is also used by secretaries and administrative assistants to record the notes, letters, notes and orders they receive. Although it is theoretically a useful tool for a student when attending classes to take notes, do not usually use.
use is also common to record the parliamentary debates, and direct transmission television programs that require closed captioning, for example, the system Closed Caption (CC)
stenographic Different styles, among other styles, although there are several more, are:
- Gregg Shorthand: The Irishman John Robert Gregg published in Liverpool "Light Line Phonography (Phonography simple writing) in 1888, when he was twenty. He was prosecuted for plagiarism by Thomas Malone, a former classmate, and his book could not be sold in England. That is why in 1893 he went to America, where he spread his system and had a huge resonance.
Gregg The system is based on the ellipse, following the slope of the current script. The vowels are written in their natural order, no signs differentiating the thickness or position but only by the different sizes. Writing is essentially horizontal.
The maximum speed achieved with this system is 240 words per minute.
- Pitman Shorthand: Unlike Gregg shorthand, Pitman used the style of a sheet line items, which means that the position of the symbols is important in relation to the horizontal writing tablet. Pitman used a set of distinct symbols Gregg.
The maximum speed achieved with this method is 350 words per minute (two minutes), by Nathan Behrin in 1922 (according to the Guinness Book of Records).
- Shorthand Teeline: Teeline is accepted by the NCTJ shorthand, an association of journalists in the UK. It was developed in 1970 by James Hill, a professor of Pitman Shorthand, and basically consists of removing unnecessary letters and make letters so as to be faster to write. The vowels are deleted when a rule are not the beginning or end of the word, and silent letters are also ignored. Prefixes, suffixes and letters "pairs" (as "pr" or "bl a simple symbol. The symbols derived from the Western alphabet, eliminating unnecessary parts.
The Teeline differs from Pitman and Gregg that Teeline is an alphabetic system, however Pitman and Gregg are phonetic. Teeline therefore is much easier to learn, but not as fast as sound systems.
Teeline looks a lot like the "graffiti" used the pen of the Palm type PDAs. The speed at which you can reach is 140 words per minute.
stenographic equipment
Stenographer The history dates back to mid-nineteenth century. In times of great American inventors, when just the result of the practical use of scientific and technological developments were built large fortunes who embodied the American dream. "
Between 1868 and half of the decade of the 40 in this century, 36 inventors were involved in the development of this machine that could replace manual shorthand with excellent results.
There were three inventions quite similar in France, Japan and the Soviet Union: there were created the Palantype, the Sokutaipu and CTM-2, but the patent for the first version had been granted in 1879 to Miles M. Bartholomew, in the state of Illinois, USA
In 1885, George Core Anderson was the first to get a mechanism capable of writing a word with one click.
The turning point in any case, was the involvement of Ward Store Ireland, a man of tenacity and creativity, comparable to that of Thomas Edison, who got the best performance with a minimum of keystrokes, which was patented in 1910.
The next step was to build a company, Universal Stenotype, where a group of 30 teachers gathered at the factory to be instructed in the principles and operation of stenography stenographers directly from the company's founder, Ward Store Ireland.
In early 1913, trained a group of stenographers to compete in the speed of the National Association of stenographers. Irish Company participated with a team of nine students from 15 to 19, who shared with 30 other stenographers, making all prizes with surprising speed: 150 to 260 words per minute.
What happens now?
In Currently, the stenographer and computer interaction has become an element that adds efficiency and productivity to shorthand, to get direct rendering. This level of efficiency has led most European parliaments and courts to have this tool for their activities.
The current computerized stenography allow transcription of words in real time.
is now indispensable in the transcripts of oral proceedings , witness statements, arbitration, discussion of the laws, conferences, seminars, meetings and many other situations.
SOURCE: Http://www.taringa.net/posts/info/912710/Estenografia-o-Taquigrafia.html
